微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)注(zhu)意(yi)事(shi)項(xiang)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)點(dian)。(1)要(yao)仔(zi)細(xi)了(liao)解(xie)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)劑(ji)的(di)功(gong)能(neng)與(yu)使(shi)用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian),有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)劑(ji)。固(gu)氮(dan)菌(jun)隻(zhi)能(neng)用(yong)於(yu)具(ju)固(gu)氮(dan)能(neng)力(li)的(di)豆(dou)科(ke)、牧(mu)草(cao)等(deng)作(zuo)物(wu),且(qie)不(bu)同(tong)作(zuo)物(wu)所(suo)適(kuo)用(yong)的(di)菌(jun)種(zhong)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang);磷(lin)細(xi)菌(jun)、矽(gui)酸(suan)鹽(yan)細(xi)菌(jun)適(kuo)用(yong)緩(huan)效(xiao)態(tai)磷(lin)、鉀(jia)含(han)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu)的(di)土(tu)壤(rang)。(2)生(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料(liao)必(bi)須(xu)深(shen)施(shi)入(ru)土(tu),防(fang)止(zhi)陽(yang)光(guang)直(zhi)接(jie)照(zhao)射(she)殺(sha)傷(shang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)。(3)生(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料(liao) 集(ji)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)在(zai)作(zuo)物(wu)根(gen)部(bu),微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)在(zai)作(zuo)物(wu)根(gen)係(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)有(you)益(yi)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing),促(cu)進(jin)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長(zhang)。(4)生(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料(liao)不(bu)宜(yi)與(yu)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)或(huo)其(qi)它(ta)農(nong)藥(yao)混(hun)合(ge)使(shi)用(yong),以(yi)免(wen)影(ying)響(xiang)肥(fei)效(xiao)。(5)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)適(kuo)宜(yi)施(shi)用(yong)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)清(qing)晨(chen)和(hu)傍(bang)晚(wan)或(huo)無(wu)雨(yu)陰(yin)天(tian)這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)免(wen)陽(yang)光(guang)中(zhong)的(di)紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)將(qiang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)殺(sha)死(si)。(6)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)應(ying)避(bi)免(wen)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)。施(shi)用(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)溫(wen)、濕(shi)度(duo)的(di)變(bian)化(hua),在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)生(sheng)存(cun)和(hu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)會(kuai)受(shou)到(dao)影(ying)響(xiang),不(bu)能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)。 (7)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)不(bu)能(neng)長(zhang)期(qi)泡(pao)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong),在(zai)水(shui)田(tian)裏(li)施(shi)用(yong)應(ying)幹(gan)濕(shi)灌(guan)溉(gai),促(cu)進(jin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)動(dong)。以(yi)好(hao)氣(qi)性(xing)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)為(wei)主(zhu)的(di)產(chan)品(pin),則(ze)盡(jin)量(liang)不(bu)要(yao)用(yong)在(zai)水(shui)田(tian)。嚴(yan)重(chong)幹(gan)旱(han)的(di)土(tu)壤(rang)會(kuai)影(ying)響(xiang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的(di)生(sheng)長(zhang)繁(fan)殖(zhi),微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)適(kuo)合(ge)的(di)土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)50%-70%。(8)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)可(ke)以(yi)單(shan)獨(du)施(shi)用(yong),也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)肥(fei)料(liao)混(hun)合(ge)施(shi)用(yong)。但(dan)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)應(ying)避(bi)免(wen)與(yu)未(wei)腐(fu)熟(shu)的(di)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)混(hun)用(yong)。與(yu)未(wei)腐(fu)熟(shu)的(di)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)混(hun)用(yong),會(kuai)因(yin)高(gao)溫(wen)殺(sha)死(si)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu),影(ying)響(xiang)肥(fei)效(xiao)。同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)避(bi)免(wen)與(yu)過(guo)酸(suan)過(guo)堿(jian)的(di)肥(fei)料(liao)混(hun)合(ge)使(shi)用(yong)。(9)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)應(ying)避(bi)免(wen)與(yu)農(nong)藥(yao)同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)。化(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)都(du)會(kuai)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(duo)地(de)抑(yi)製(zhi)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的(di)生(sheng)長(zhang)和(hu)繁(fan)殖(zhi),甚(shen)至(zhi)殺(sha)死(si)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)。不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)拌(ban)過(guo)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)、殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)的(di)工(gong)具(ju)裝(zhuang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)。微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)不(bu)宜(yi)久(jiu)放(fang),拆(chai)包(bao)後(hou)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)施(shi)用(yong),一(yi)次(ci)用(yong)完(wan),包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋(dai)打(da)開(kai)後(hou),其(qi)他(ta)菌(jun)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)侵(qin)入(ru),使(shi)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)群(qun)發(fa)生(sheng)改(gai)變(bian),影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)效(xiao)果(guo)。(10)避(bi)免(wen)盲(mang)目(mu)施(shi)用(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)。 微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)提(ti)供(gong)有(you)益(yi)的(di)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)群(qun)落(la),而(er)不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)提(ti)供(gong)礦(kuang)質(zhi)營(ying)養(yang)養(yang)分(fen)為(wei)主(zhu),因(yin)此(ci)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)代(dai)替(ti)常(chang)用(yong)肥(fei)料(liao)。(11) 注(zhu)意(yi)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)的(di)肥(fei)效(xiao)條(tiao)件(jian)。 微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)肥(fei)效(xiao)的(di)發(fa)揮(hui)既(ji)受(shou)其(qi)自(zi)身(shen)因(yin)素(su)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang),如(ru)肥(fei)料(liao)中(zhong)所(suo)含(han)有(you)效(xiao)菌(jun)數(shuo)、活(huo)性(xing)大(dai)小(xiao)等(deng)質(zhi)量(liang)因(yin)素(su);又(you)受(shou)到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)其(qi)他(ta)因(yin)子(zi)的(di)製(zhi)約(yao),如(ru)土(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)、pH值(zhi)等(deng)影(ying)響(xiang),因(yin)此(ci)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)從(zong)選(xuan)擇(ze)到(dao)應(ying)用(yong)都(du)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)合(ge)理(li)性(xing)。



